Sociology 9699 Notes -

Traditional societies are underdeveloped because they lack modern technology and cultural values. To develop, they must progress through five linear stages of economic growth, assisted by Western aid, investment, and cultural diffusion.

Capitalist society is divided into two antagonistic classes: the bourgeoisie (owners of the forces of production) and the proletariat (who sell their labor power).

How we define ourselves, including gender, ethnic, and class identities.

Tie the paragraph back to the central question, explicitly explaining how your point directly answers the essay prompt. Essential Command Words sociology 9699 notes

Newspapers, broadcasts, and digital content evaluated using content analysis. 3. A LEVEL | Paper 3: Education

Descriptive, text-based data focusing on meanings, feelings, and lived experiences. Key Methodological Concepts

Diversity, choice, and the breakdown of "grand narratives." B. Research Methods (The "How") How we define ourselves, including gender, ethnic, and

Do not just describe; analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each theory.

Althusser views education as an Ideological State Apparatus (ISA) that reproduces and legitimizes class inequality. Bowles and Gintis argue the Correspondence Principle exists, where the organization of schools mirrors the capitalist workplace (hierarchy, alienation, extrinsic rewards).

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[ Educational Achievement ] | +-------------------------+-------------------------+ | | [ Material Deprivation ] [ Cultural Factors ] (Income, housing, resources) (Language codes, capital)

Girls now generally outperform boys due to changing job markets, feminist movements, and more female-centered learning environments, though subject choices remain heavily gendered.

: Researcher observes from a distance. Reduces observer effects. Misses internal meanings. Misses internal meanings.